Developments in the Immunotherapy of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
DOI: 10.22591/magyurol.2026.2.hornyakt.62
Authors:
Hornyák Teodóra dr., Fazekas Fruzsina Eszter dr.
Budapesti Péterfy Sándor Utcai Kórház – Rendelőintézet, Urológiai Osztály, Budapest
Summary
The treatment of localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer is based on cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy; however, the risk of recurrence remains substantial, which has driven the rapid development of immunotherapeutic strategies. The aim of this review is to present the current role of immunotherapy, the available evidence, and future directions for development through a narrative synthesis of guideline recommendations and the results of key clinical trials, including adjuvant, neoadjuvant, and whole perioperative treatment approaches, with particular emphasis on indications being incorporated into standard of care and on ongoing phase III studies.